The first offset lithographic press for printing on paper was invented by Ira Rubel in 1903. Yet, offset lithography did not overtake letterpress in publications printing until the second half of the 20th century. It took many decades for the industry to fully understand offset printing technology, such as the chemistry of ink-water balance, plate coatings, and color reproduction. One of the most important technical innovations in printing was the use of masking to correct for deficiencies in printing inks. This is the story of how masking evolved from a craft to a science, and solidified its place in printing toolbox.
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